PUDINAH (mrial Part)
Pudinah consists of the mrial part of Mentha viridis Linn. syn. M. spicata var. viridis Linn. (Fam. Lamiacem) a perennial, creeping aromatic herb of 30 to 90 cm high, widely cultivated throughout the plains of India for culinary and medicinal purposes.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Putiha, Rocani, Podinakah
Assamese : —
Bengali : Pudinaa
English : Spear-Mint, Garden Mint
Gujrati : Phudino
Hindi : Pudeenaa
Kannada : —
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : —
Marathi : Pudinaa
Oriya : —
Punjabi : Parari pudina
Tamil : Pudeenaa
Telugu : Pudeenaa
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Drug consists of small chopped twigs; leaves opposite, decussate, shortly petiolate, petioles 2-mm long; mature leaves 2.5 to 3.5 cm long and 1.5 to 2.0 cm broad, very minutely hairy, ovate, apex acute, coarsely dentate, comparatively smoother and darker upper surface; stem square, minutely hairy, light brown to brown; flowers in loose cylindrical, slender spikes; awl like, throat of calyx naked, corolla smooth; seeds small, mucilaginous; aromatic odour and slightly pungent taste.
b) Microscopic
Stem – T.S. shows quadrangular outline with corner ridges and thin cuticle; epidermal cells tabular, multicellular uniserate trichomes present, cortex 8 to 9 cells deep below ridges, while 2 to 3 cells deep elsewhere, variable in size; endodermis single layer; pericycle broken, consisting of sclerenchymatous cells; phloem 2 to 4 cells deep and made up of irregular shaped cells; xylem vessels 26 to 46 n in dia; pith present.
Leaf –
Midrib: T.S. shows protruded mid rib towards the lower surface; compact parenchymatous cells enclose a crescent-shaped vascular bundle; collenchymatous cells are absent.
Lamina: Dorsiventral, epidermal cell walls of both the surfaces in the surface view are wavy, stomata diacytic; covering trichomes present on the lower surface, uniseriate, 1 to 4 cells long, 42 to 350 n in size with pointed apex; glandular trichomes 64 to 80 n in diam. with a single basal cell and a head of 8 cells, found in depression of the epidermis; a single row of palisade cells towards the upper side followed by spongy parenchyma 3 to 4 cells deep; palisade ratio 6 to 8; vein islet number 18 to 20; stomatal index for upper epidermis 10 to 20, lower epidermis 15 to 30.
Powder – Blackish-brown, fibrous, free flowing, characterized by the presence of uniseriate non-glandular hairs (112 to 350 n), glandular trichomes 64 to 80 n in diam, diacytic stomata, epidermal cell walls wavy.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 14 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 4 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 7 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
Essential oil Not less than 0.2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.10
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of essential oil on silica gel ‘G’ plate using hexane : ethyl acetate (90:10) shows eight spots at Rf 0.28, 0.33, 0.38, 0.49, 0.55, 0.66, 0.80 and 0.88 on spraying with Vanillin-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate for 15 minutes at 110oC.
CONSTITUENTS – Essential oil (0.2 to 0.8 percent) containing terpene such as carvone (60%) and limonene (10%) as major constituents.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa, Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Balya, Dipana, Kaphahara, Mutrala, Vatahara, Rocana
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Pudinarka
THERAPEUTIC USES – Jirna Jvara, Sula, Agnimandya, Ajirna, Aruci, Atisara, Svasa, Chardi, Adhmana, Hikka, Kasa, Krmi, Mutrakrcchra, Kasthartava, Prasutijvara, Mada, Visucika, Grahani, Vaktrajadya, Jvara
DOSE – 5-10 ml patra svarasa.
20-40 ml phanta.
1-3 drops taila.
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